ISLAM AMONG MONGOLS 1347—1364 A.D. (748—765 A.H.):

The Barbaric assault by Tartars in the middle of 13th century A.D was the greatest catastrophes that ever taken place the Muslim world. It left behind terrible memories of destruction and misery. The flame and light of Islam; however with miraculous effects worked its way and waxened stony hearts of the attacking masses. The grandson of Kublai Khan the Moghul ruler Barka Khan the first ruler of Ailkhani dynasty. Takandar Khan they all embraced Islam. Then the first ruler of Kashghar, Tuqlaq Taimur Khan accepted Islam at the hands of great Muslim Sage of Bukhara, Sheikh Rashiduddin. Tuqlaq Khan discovered afterwards that most of the Mongols princess had already accepted Islam though surreptitiously, secretly. Then he ordered a general collection of people where in one day 1, 6,000 people embraced Islams.

ISLAM AMONG MONGOLS 1347—1364 A.D. (748—765 A.H.)

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ISLAMIC WORLD 901—1300 A.D. (289—600 A.H):

In the 13th century of the Christian period corresponding to the 7th Islamic century we find expansion in addition to diversification of authority in the land that came under Muslim command. But Muslim had faced utmost devastation of their history when attacked by Mongol masses. While rigorous in intensity, these attacks were, however, limited to central areas of Muslim lands. The Muslim rule established by Mahmud Ghaznavi in the north-western part of India in the beginning of the 11th century, although continued changing hands from one dynasty to the other, had extended itself to India’s entire northern and central parts. After that Moghul era started.

ISLAMIC WORLD 901—1300 A.D. (289—600 A.H)
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Balochistan Situation in Today’s Period: An overview:

Today in balochistan there is very tense situation. Balochistan in terms of area is the biggest province of Pakistan. 65 years after independence, it is the country’s most backward province. What are the Obstacles in the construction and development of this province did not clear it ever. Baloch nationalists believe that the federal government takes over Balochistan resources and it is deprived of its legitimate rights. On the contrary But others believe that the Landowners, Leaders of Balochistan themselves are interfere in the development and prosperity so that balochistan leaders to be established their self-governments.

Balochistan Pakistan

This debate is a long-running, still could not get the results. Many Governments has Launched several projects in the province but it has not been yet implemented. To conciliate the annoyed Baloch leaders and to resolve differences, Government of Pakistan has announced a variety of plans. Special Package of Balochistan Rights has now launched. And Government of Pakistan has pledged to implement the package. But unfortunately it has not been implemented yet. And government has pledged to restore peace and security, Promises made for the recovery of missing persons as well. 

Government and opposition are only condemning and accusing each other just to polish their politics. They are not serious to resolve the leader’s differences and are also not to fulfill the basic rights of common peoples. What is the benefit of such democracy in which their basic needs are not being fulfilled? The facts are very bitter about Balochistan. In most of the population living on the poverty level is 26 percent in Punjab, 38 percent in Sindh, 29 percent in Khyberpakhtunkhwa, and 48 percent in Balochistan respectively. Gas emerging from Balochistan has been blessed throughout Pakistan for the last 50 years. While the Quetta resident’s benefited from Sui gas thirty-32 years after the discovery. 78 percent of the province is still deprived of Sui gas

It is the negligence of the ruler’s of the country that the problem of Balochistan as it was after the recurrence and much debate in Parliament. Balochistan problems still have not found any useful solution in the Parliament. Balochistan problem is just like the volcano. Domestic and foreign hostile forces to Pakistan for their ulterior motives are fanning anti-Pakistan emotion. Green Moon Flag and National Anthem has lost its sanctity and sacredness. It has already been delayed but now there was still time to hand. It is our sense of duty that Balochistan actual and real problems must be taken on priority. And sincere efforts should be done to redress such problem. There is No other way of negotiations. 

The only solution is Dialogue. The major barrier in the way of Balochistan problem is lack of confidence. Where the federal and provincial governments fulfill their responsibilities in the restoration of confidence, Balochistan leaders and government rulers should also be asked about, to what extent that fulfilled their responsibilities in solving the balochistan problems and asking for basic rights of Baloch nation.

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SULTAN SALAHUDDIN AYUBI 1169—1193 A.D. (564 A.H—589 A.H):

Great and enormous courage and generosity of spirit was shown by Sultan Salahuddin Ayubi (Saladin), when after conquest in Crusades, Jerusalem was handed over to him. Authoritarian and strict order and peace was enforced in the city by his armed forces and officers. No unpleasant incident was reported nor was any harm of any kind whatsoever done to any Christian. An incredibly liable and responsible officer was deputed at the Gate of David (Jaffa Gate) in order to ensure that Christians having paid the ransom are safe and sound conducted out of the city.

Sultan Salahuddin Ayubi 1169—1193 A.D. (564 A.H—589 A.H)

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CALIPH MAMUN-EL-RASHID 813—833 A.D. (198—218 A.H):

A major development was made in the science of astronomy all through the sovereignty of Caliph Mamun-al-Rasheed. Accordingly first observatory to measure earth perimeter was launched in his period. Distinguished astronomers like Yahya bin Mansoor, Khalid bin Abdul Malik and Maruzie and Abbas bin Saeed prepared astronomical tables to establish an observatory at the city of Shamasa to accumulate general knowledge about the Sun and other adjoining planets.

CALIPH MAMUN-EL-RASHID 813—833 A.D.(198—218 A.H)

 

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ISLAMIC WORLD 751—900 A.D. (133—288 A.H.):

Umayyads remained leaders of the Muslim state for about 90 years. Then came Abbasids. They moved the seat of authority from Damascus to the newly founded city of Baghdad. The Abbasid Caliphate, rule in one phase or the other continued for about 500 years, and although they could never command authority over the entire Muslim state, they amazingly succeeded in bringing about a scientific and Cultural Revolution under the divine light of Islamic teaching. It was in this field that the Muslims completely out-stripped all rivals. Scientific and literary books were translated into Arabic and Muslim scholars themselves made greater and lasting contributions in the filed of scientific and social knowledge.

ISLAMIC WORLD 751—900 A.D. (133—288 A.H.):
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HAZRAT OMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ (R) 717-720 A.D. (99-101 A.H.):

Later than accepting duties of Caliphate, Hazrat Omar bin Abdul Aziz (R) speaking to the public said: ‘No matter what has been permitted by Allah is allowable and suchlike has been forbidden by Him is forbidden till the Day of Judgement. As a human being. I have no right to bestow judgement; I am merely to put into effect Divine Law. I am not authorized to include whatever thing; my responsibility is only to follow my rightful forerunners. Nobody can precisely insist obedience in disobedience of Divine Law. I am just a common human being like you and assert and declare no distinction. Although Allah Almighty has put more load on me’.

HAZRAT OMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ (R) 717-720 A.D. (99-101 A.H.):

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TARIQ IBN ZIYAD 711—715 A.D. (93—97 A.H.):

Africa was having the benefit of the blessing of Islam, based on toleration, fair dealing and affluence, the neighbouring; Spain was growling under oppression and prejudice of Gothic monarch. Musa wrote to the King Roderick to discontinue from totalitarianism and stop giving brutal behavior to the community. Roderick replied in negative and supercilious manner. Musa ibn Nusair sent Tariq ibn Ziyad with 7000 Muslims and they crossed the passages in May 711 A.D. in ships of small dependent. Tariq ibn Ziyad ordered for the burning of all the vessels. Which brought them and told his army either to conquer or to be dying? He had no intention of going back to dwelling. King Roderick gathered massive armed forces of in excess of one hundred thousand soldiers. Tariq ibn Ziyad was adding force to by an additional 5,000 soldiers also and the two armies met on the coast of lagoon of Janda on July 19, 711 A.D. The Christians could not stand to the appealing charge of Tariq who fully running scared them with dreadful fatalities. The King was drowned in the river. The Christians armies were paralyzed by the quickness of Tariq ibn Ziyad progress and the sternness of his blows. Tariq was soon after joined by Musa and both conquered the entire Spain. The outstanding and exemplary management of Tariq and his army endeared him to the conquered races.

TARIQ IBN ZIYAD 711—715 A.D. (93—97 A.H.):
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MOHAMMAD BIN QASIM (711—713 A.D. (93—95 A.H.):

The Ceylonese (Sri Lanka) Raja arranged the shipment of the families of those Muslim merchants who had died on his land, in the company of Muslim merchants, who were sailing for Baghdad. Unfortunately, the ship was encountered with sea storm and reached Debal. Raja Dahir was very arrogant ruler. His men had looted the property of the Muslim traders and imprisoned the children and women sailing on the ill-fated ship. Raja Dahir refused to release the prisoners despite the complaint of the Caliph. Hujjaj Bin Yusuf dispatched Mohammad bin Qasim in 711 A.D, with an army of six thousand men duly equipped with siege-machines. The young General of 17 years marched with lightning speed and laid siege to Debal. His small force was opposing a formidable force of more than hundred thousand men supported by war elephants. He defeated Raja Dahir in a pitched battle who fled from the scene. Mohammad bin Qasim fought and won eleven bloody battles against the formidable forces of Raja Dahir. Raja Dahir was killed in the battle at Rawar. Mohammad bin Qasim won all battles due to his superior military tactics and personal valour and skill as well as the valour and discipline of Muslim army. He was great both in war and peace. He proved himself. An able administrator. His two years of wise and just rule, his agricultural reforms and liberal policies soon endeared him to the Hindu Brahmins and Muslim settelers, who bade farewell to him weepingly when he was called back to Baghdad in 714 A.D.

MOHAMMAD BIN QASIM (711—713 A.D. (93—95 A.H.)
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ISLAMIC WORLD 662—750 A.D. (41—132 A.H.):

The speed of the expansion of the Muslim states continued unabated for centuries together. During the days of the Umayyad. Muslim moving through Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria crossed the shores to reach Spain in Europe. In the East the borders of the Muslim states were extended upto Sindh, Multan and further north upto Badakhshan, Samarkand, Farghana and Khawrizm (Khwarezm) . With the additional strength of naval force, Muslim during this period attacked islands if Sicily and Crete and gained the islands of Rhodes and Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. The expansion of Muslim rule under Umayyads can be termed as the largest state in history under single authority.

Islamic-world-662-750-A.D (41-132. A.H.)

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